一. 内容：
动词的时态语态专项练习
二. 重难点讲解：
动词的时态和语态
在接下来的时间里将给大家介绍一下动词的时态和语态。
到目前为止大家应该知道，动词共有16种时态和两种语态。
在时态方面，考题中主要涉及到其中的10种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时。
1. 一般现在时：通常有六种用法，其中最重要的考点是：在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作；安排或计划好的将来发生的动作。
如：1>. The train for Shanghai leaves at 11a.m and arrives at 11p.m.
2>. As soon as the manager comes back, I will tell him about it.
2. 一般过去时： 关于该时态最主要请大家掌握它的概念：一个开始于过去结束于过去的动作，或存在的状态。记住这一点很重要，需要与现在完成时区分。
如：The other day she ran across an old friend in the street.
3. 一般将来时： 除了用will + 动词原形表示该时态外，还有：
1> Be going to do sth： She is going to go abroad next year.
2> Be about to do sth： Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off.
3> Be to do sth： There is to be a class meeting this afternoon.
4. 现在进行时： 除了众所周知的表正在进行动作外，还有如下特殊用法：
预计一个将要发生的动作；常与某些副词连用，表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶或不满。
如：1> How many of you are going to the party tonight.
2> The teacher is always criticizing us.
5. 现在完成时：这应该是五个基本时态中最令大家迷惑的一个。该时态分为已完成和未完成两种。常见的标志性的词有：since, for, already, so far, up to now, in the last few years, in the past three months etc.
如：1> He has lived here since he got married.
2> In the past two decades, research has expanded our knowledge about sleep and dreams.
3> In the last ten years great changes have taken place in China.
6. 过去将来时：只有一个考点：用于主句的谓语动词是过去时态的间接引语中，遵循时态呼应原则。
如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time.
7. 过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时刻发生的动作或某段时间内一直进行的动作。
如：1> At nine o’clock last night, I was counting the stars in the sky.
2> When the girl came in, the two dogs were fighting for a bone.
3> While I was preparing for the exam, the power was cut off.
8. 过去完成时：别名“过去的过去。”考题中对该时态的使用有要求，只有当句中有一个动作是过去时，才有可能用过去完成。
如：1> The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema.
2> By the time he was ten, he had built himself a chemistry lab.
9. 将来完成时：该时态只有一个考点，请大家注意与过去完成的区别：
如：By the time he is ten, he will have built himself a chemistry lab.
10. 现在完成进行时：表示现在以前一直发生的动作，强调动作在进行过程中的不间断，常有背景句作为铺垫。
如：—You are all wet!
—Yes, I have been playing basketball all the morning.
语态：主要考察被动语态的用法。基本公式：主语 + be + 动词的过去分词。
还有一个要点大家需记住：只有及物动词才有被动语态。
除了大家熟悉的基本用法外，被动语态还有一些特殊用法，比如用主动的形式表达被动的概念，顾名思义，看起来是主动，实则为被动。
下面，我们将英文中常见的主动形式表被动含义的情况总结一下：
1> 动词read, sell, last, wash, write, lock等带状语,如well, easily时.
e.g.① This kind of cloth washes easily.（这种布好洗）
② The meeting lasted three hours.（会议持续了三个小时）
③ My new pen writes well. （我的新钢笔好写）
2> 感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove等与形容词连用时.
e.g. ①You look very well today.
② Your bedroom smelt so terrible.
③ My words proved right.
3> begin, end, stop, open, close等表示开，关，结束的含义时，及break out, take place, happen等动词表示爆发，发生概念时。
e.g. ① The library opens at ten.
② Class begins at half past eight.
③ An earthquake took place in Tang Shan in 1976.
4> 某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式。
e.g. ① The question is easy to answer.
② His clothes are hard to wash.
③ The fish is not fit to eat.
④ He has an important meeting to attend.
【典型例题】
1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore
C. were wearing D. are wearing
2. — We that you would fix the TV set this week.
— I’m sorry. I to, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected； had intended
B. are expecting； had intended
C. expect； intend
D. expected； intend
3. He will stop showing off, if no notice of him.
A. is taken B. will be taken
C. takes D. has taken
4. — It is said that another new car factory now.
— Yeah. It one and a half years.
A. is building；takes B. is being built；will take
C. is built；will take D. is being built；takes
5. — I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
— You your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost
C. did lose D. were losing
6. — Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
— Mum, I my storeroom downstairs。
A. cleaned B. have worked
C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
7. They won’t buy new clothes because they money to buy a color TV set.
A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving
8. Good heavens! There you are! We anxious about you, and we you back throughout the night.
A. are；expect B. were；had expected
C. have been；were expecting D. are；were expecting
9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it me an entire month.
A. takes B. took
C. was taken D. had taken
10. The traffic in our city is already good and it even better.
A. gets B. got
C. has got D. is getting
11. — Has Jack finished his homework yet?
— I have no idea；he it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing
C. has done D. did
12. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.
— I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I my guests in my office.
A. is being met B. will meet
C. will be meeting D. will have met
13. — Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
— Really ? Where ?
A. has she been B. had she been
C. has she gone D. had she gone
14. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been；have met B. have been；have met
C. had been；had met D. have been；had met
15. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played
C. played D. play
16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.
A. take B. am taking
C. have taken D. will have taken
17. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
— I’ m sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
18. — Where ?
— I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I here earlier.
A. did you go； had arrived
B. have you been；would have been
C. were you；would come
D. are you；was
19. I know Mr. Brown；we to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced
B. have been introduced
C. were introduced
D. had been introduced
20. —Where do you think he the computer?
— Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has ；bought B.／；bought
C. did ；buy D. had ；bought
21. — I to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
— Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask
C. have asked D. have been asked
22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who without warning and bringing us presents.
A. always turned up
B. has always turned up
C. was always turning up
D. was always turned up
23. — What do you think of this kind of TV set, which in Shanghai?
— Well, I don’t care such things.
A. was made B. is made
C. has been made D. had been made
24. — Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
— No, he , but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will
C. was to have D. was going to join
25. — Did he notice you enter the room?
— I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened B. was listening
C. has listened D. had listened
26. The plane at 7：00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest.
A. has left B. is to leave
C. will have left D. leaves
27. The train at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went B. is going
C. goes D. will be going
28. Look at this! I some magazines and this letter.
A. was looking through；found
B. am looking through；find
C. looked through；had found
D. had looked through；finding
29. — you the editor at the airport?
— No, he away before my arrival.
A. Have...met； has driven
B. Had...met； was driven
C. Did...meet； had been driven
D. Have...met； had driven
30. — Can you give me the right answer?
— Sorry, I .Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened
C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
答案：
1. D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2. A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3. A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。
4. B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now，可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5. C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。
6. D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7. B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8. C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9. B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。
10. D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。
11. A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12. C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13. B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14. D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15. D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16. B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17. D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行”之意，帮排除A。
18. B。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19. C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20. B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think （believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。
21. D。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。
22. C。always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。
23. B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
24. C。C项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。
25. B。当时他在听收音机。
26. D。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。
27. D。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
28. A。Look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。
29. C。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除A、D。但不能选B，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。
30. D。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。
【模拟试题】
31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred
C. have preferred D. am preferring
32. — Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
— No, it for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining
C. would be rainingD. rained
33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They too long.
A. had been cookedB. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked
34. — Remember the first time we met, Jim?
— Of course I do. You in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.
A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes
C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed
36. — What were you up to when your parents came in?
— I for a while and some reading.
A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did
C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did
37. — Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.
— Never mind, it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post
C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post
38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but .
A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited
C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited
39. — Is Tom still smoking?
— No. By next Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. will have goneC. will have beenD. has been going
40. All but one take part in the conference tomorrow.
A. is going to； that is to take place
B. are going to； that is about to take place
C. are going to； that is to be taken place
D. are going to； which is to be held
41. — Are you a visitor here?
— That’s right. I round the world and now my dream of coming to China true.
A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come
C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come
42. — Betty this morning?
— Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen B. Will you see
C. Do you see D. Did you see
43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear
C. I had heard D. had I heard
44. The children very quiet；I wonder what they up to.
A. were； are being B. are being；are
C. are；doD. are being；do
45. — Look at the black clouds. It soon.
— Sure. If only we out.
A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start
C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come
46. He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.
A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote
C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written
47. She to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got
48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they .
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
50. — What’s the matter?
— The shoes don’t fit properly. They my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
[参考答案]
31. A。此题选A表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。
32. B。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。
33. A。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
34.A。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。
35. B。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
36. C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。
37. C。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。
38. B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。
39.B。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。
40. D。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。
41. C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。
42. A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。
43. D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。
44. B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。
45. D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。
46. A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。
47. D。no sooner...than和hardly（scarcely）...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
48. C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。
49. C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。
50. A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。
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